HDD Benchmarks Hierarchy: Here’s how all the hard disks we’ve tested over the past couple of years ranked by performance.
Our HDD benchmarks hierarchy shows all of the high-capacity hard drives that we’ve tested over the years, ranked in order of overall sequential throughput. It’s a companion to our guide of the best hard drives, as well as the best SSDs and the SSD benchmarks hierarchy — we strongly recommend any modern PC use an SSD for the OS and boot drive, while HDDs are best as secondary storage.
We regularly review hard drives and update the HDD hierarchy with new models. For now, we’ve included 20 HDDs that have been tested and reviewed in the past couple of years. Our test PC consists of a Core i9-12900K running Windows 11 22H2, with 32GB of DDR4 memory. If you represent an HDD manufacturer and don’t see a particular model in our list, drop me an email, and we can see about testing it.
Black Friday HDD Deals
After you’ve taken a look at our HDD benchmarks hierarchy, head on over to our Best Black Friday Storage Deals for some of the latest deals on hard drives. Here’s one of our favorites that’s currently available.
We have a variety of sizes that we’ve tested over time, ranging from 6TB up to 22TB, with spindle speeds of 5400 RPM to 7200 RPM. Everything is grouped into a single large table for now, but as we add more models over time, we’ll see about separating things according to capacity.
HDD Hierarchy
| HDD | Price per TB | Seq MB/s | Copy MB/s | Random IOPS | Avg. Power | Specifications / Review |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Toshiba N300 Pro 12TB | $19.08 | 290 | 89 | 356 | 6.58 | CMR, 7200 RPM, 512MB |
| Toshiba N300 18TB | $21.67 | 286 | 88 | 348 | 7.18 | CMR, 7200 RPM, 512MB |
| Toshiba X300 Pro 12TB | $21.67 | 285 | 90 | 344 | 6.59 | CMR, 7200 RPM, 512MB |
| Seagate Exos X20 20TB | $13.50 | 280 | 109 | 1,024 | 7.96 | CMR, 7200 RPM, 256MB |
| Toshiba X300 Pro 20TB | $17.75 | 279 | 100 | 371 | 7.60 | CMR, 7200 RPM, 512MB |
| Seagate SkyHawk AI 20TB | $19.95 | 279 | 114 | 406 | 7.92 | CMR, 7200 RPM, 256MB |
| Seagate IronWolf Pro NAS 20TB | $17.50 | 278 | 110 | 419 | 8.08 | CMR, 7200 RPM, 256MB |
| WD Red Pro 20TB | $19.00 | 271 | 108 | 574 | 7.71 | ePMR, 7200 RPM, 512MB |
| WD Black 6TB | $18.33 | 266 | 108 | 891 | 8.00 | CMR, 7200 RPM, 128MB |
| Seagate FireCuda 8TB | $31.25 | 265 | 100 | 909 | 9.67 | CMR, 7200 RPM, 256MB |
| WD Black 8TB | $22.50 | 263 | 79 | 344 | 8.44 | CMR, 7200 RPM, 128MB |
| Seagate IronWolf Pro NAS 14TB | $17.14 | 262 | 94 | 398 | 7.33 | CMR, 7200 RPM, 256MB |
| Toshiba N300 Pro 20TB | $22.00 | 261 | 98 | 363 | 7.67 | CMR, 7200 RPM, 512MB |
| Toshiba X300 14TB | $16.07 | 253 | 68 | 289 | 6.81 | CMR, 7200 RPM, 512MB |
| Seagate IronWolf Pro NAS 8TB | $28.50 | 235 | 91 | 570 | 10.11 | CMR, 7200 RPM, 256MB |
| WD Blue 8TB | $16.09 | 219 | 66 | 298 | 5.72 | CMR, 5640 RPM, 128MB |
| WD Gold 22TB | $25.00 | 216 | 103 | 471 | 8.09 | CMR, 7200 RPM, 512MB |
| HGST UltraStar He8 8TB | N/A | 211 | 45 | 368 | 6.89 | CMR, 7200 RPM, 128MB |
| WD Red Plus 12TB | $18.33 | 207 | 84 | 543 | 6.79 | CMR, 7200 RPM, 256MB |
| Seagate BarraCuda 8TB | $13.12 | 192 | 51 | 241 | 5.02 | SMR, 5400 RPM, 256MB |
The highest performing HDDs tend to be larger models, though that alone isn’t always the determining factor. In some cases, lower capacity drives can outperform higher capacity drives — like the Toshiba X300 Pro 12TB and 20TB models. But while we’ve ranked everything by performance, pricing is arguably the more important element, and we have the best current price we’re tracking listed in the table with the price per TB.
If you’re after the best price per TB, the top two options are the Seagate BarraCuda 8TB and the Seagate Exos X20 20TB. The 8TB has a slightly better value at the time of writing, but the 20TB model more than doubles the raw capacity, plus it has a higher 7200 RPM rotational speed, and that’s hard to pass up if you’re planning to store lots of files. The worst value, looking purely at the cost per GB (TB), is the Seagate FireCuda 8TB at over $30 per TB — that’s almost getting into the range of budget SSDs! Almost.
Performance can still matter, though if you’re mostly interested in performance you should go with an SSD first. The Seagate Barracuda 8TB, which has the lowest price per TB, was also the slowest drive we tested. That’s due in part to the 5400 RPM spindle speed, but also the use of SMR technology — shingled magnetic recording. SMR can help pack more bits per mm^2, increasing areal density, but writes in particular can be much slower as the drives fill up. Still, we’ll see more SMR-type technologies in the future as we move into the 30TB and higher range.
The fastest drive overall is the Seagate Exos E20, thanks to its combination of high sequential throughput and improved random IO. Again, considering it’s the second best value overall (not factoring in performance), it’s a great option. A few other drives might be slightly faster in the copy test or sequential throughput, but no other drive fully eclipses the Exos E20 — not even the newer Skyhawk AI.
Prices do change on a regular basis, of course, so it’s a good idea to look around at similar capacity HDDs before making any purchase decision. A simple price cut could easily turn one of the lower ranking values into the new top option.
